ORA-01187: cannot read from file 201 because it failed verification tests

How to correct errors with a lost temp file.

   SQL> select file#,status,name,bytes from v$tempfile;
   
        FILE# STATUS  NAME                             BYTES
   ---------- ------- ------------------------------   ------------
            1 ONLINE  /db/DBNAME/tmp/temp01.dbf        2097160192

Everything seems to look normal, but dba_temp_files will tell the "real" story:

   SQL> select file_name,status from dba_temp_files;
   select file_name,status from dba_temp_files
                                *
   ERROR at line 1:
   ORA-01187: cannot read from file 201 because it failed verification tests
   ORA-01110: data file 201: /db/DBNAME/tmp/temp01.dbf     

to resolve this issue you can simply drop the missing tempfile without causing 
any trouble:

   SQL> alter database tempfile  '/db/DBNAME/users/tmp/temp01.dbf' drop;
   
   Database altered.

   SQL> select file_name,status from dba_temp_files;
   
   FILE_NAME                          STATUS
   ---------------------------------  ---------
   /db/DBNAME/tmp/temp01.dbf 	      AVAILABLE

you then simply add the file back and it gets recreated:

   ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 
     '/db/DBNAME/tmp/temp01.dbf' SIZE 2097160192 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON;